节约能源，绿色环保。

         交通行业是国民经济的支柱行业，对我国经济发展起着举足轻重的作用。由于其设备、设施的特殊性，设备的维护对于延长设备的使用寿命、保持设备的生产效率以及安全运转至关重要，对设备的治疗性维护是设备维修的重要手段，而设备的清洗又是设备维修的一个重要组成部分。而交通行业应用清洗的地方很多，如：汽车的清洗、公路桥梁的清洗、以及船舶清洗等。船舶清洗又包含：油舱的清洗，船舶外表的清洗，主机座的清洗，发动机的清洗与零部件的清洗等。

        首先，随着生产力的发展，社会分工和专业化生产过程，必然进一步加快，今后专业化协作的进程和修造船厂由粗放型生产经营向集约型生产经营的生产进程的加快，为改善职工劳动条件，采用高效的清洗操作式势在必行。据国外有关船舶修造发展资料统计，世界发达国家每年船舶的维修数占船舶总数的20%（而我国低于此值)，加上船级社对船舶船龄的限制，加强船舶维修保养还有很大潜力可挖。船舶清洗方面必然随着船舶修造业的迅速发展而蓬勒发展，前途无量。

        其次，由于化学清洗或机械清洗具有不可替代的优越性，有意识地把它延伸至船舶修造中具有重大现实意义。

1、节能能源

        由于我国能源的开发速度暂时还不能满足日渐增长的要求，中央关于能源的方针是 “开发和节约并重、以节约为主”。因此采用化学清洗技术，机械清洗代替汽油、柴油来清洗，对节约能源是一条有效的途径。

2、安全可靠

        由于化学清洗液是不可燃物质，从而根本上解决了汽油、柴油清洗引起火灾的隐患，而且清洗剂大部分无挥发性，又保证了职工的身心健康。

3、清洗质量好、效率高

        如今修造船舶必须遵循“船期短、质量好、价格公道、服务优质”的原则。单从清洗方面说、如果用人工铲刮方式，既脏又累，效率低、质量差，而且许多地方，人工根本无法接近作业。如：双层底、主机底座等部位，如采用化学清洗和机械清洗很容易解决这些问题（机械清洗运用可达全部清洗的85%左右）大大提高了生产效率，简化了生产方式，保证了质量，缩短了修造周期。

4、不损伤零部件

   对精密零件清洗后，还有防锈、钝化保护作用。如：船舶的冷却水系统、空气冷却器的清洗等。

5、降低成本

       以1996年海南省为例，船舶4000余艘、30万载重吨，修造船厂11家。按每年船只数20%的维修率，大约有800艘船舶需要维护。据有关资料统计这800般船舶如用化学清洗机械清洗方式，不但可以提高工效，还可以降低成本比传统方式降低50%。

       当然随着我国人民环保意识的提高，如何处理清洗废液、将是人们关心的问题，也是推广中首先要解决的重要一环。因废液中不但含有油水（大于100PPm)，而且化学耗氧量COD值也很高（大于1000PPin）如直接排放江河湖泊将严重污染水质（国标排放标准、油<l0PPm.COD<l00PPm）。为此，清洗部门应根据清洗剂的种类，污染情况，特别是排放量和水质情况，采用不同处理方式如：生化法、离子交换法、重力分离法等，这些方法经过实践，都取得较好效果，达到排放标准，这一点人们大可放心。

       总之，随着航运事业的发展，对修造船生产技术的要求必须有较大的改观，清洗如果还是老方法，仍处于柴油、汽油、人工铲刮的原始状况，对于清洗与节能极不相称，也很难适应航运修造业对缩短周期、节能节效的要求。为改变清洗落后面貌、要求高效、优质、安全、经济的清洗方式，不仅是广大产业工人的迫切要求。也是生产发展与技术进步的必然趋势。

  Save energy and be green.

       The transportation industry is the pillar industry of the national economy and plays a decisive role in China's economic development. Due to the particularity of its equipment and facilities, the maintenance of equipment is essential for extending the service life of the equipment, maintaining the production efficiency and safe operation of the equipment. The therapeutic maintenance of the equipment is an important means of equipment maintenance, and the cleaning of the equipment is An important part of design maintenance. There are many places where the transportation industry applies cleaning. Such as: car cleaning, road bridge cleaning, and ship cleaning. Ship cleaning includes: cleaning of the oil tank, cleaning of the exterior of the ship, cleaning of the main frame, cleaning of the engine and cleaning of other parts.

        First, with the development of productivity, social division of labor and specialized production processes, the need to further accelerate, the process of professional cooperation in the future, and the acceleration of the production process from the extensive production and operation to the intensive production and operation of shipyards, in order to improve the working conditions of employees. It is imperative to adopt an efficient cleaning operation. According to foreign statistics on ship repair and development, the number of ships in developed countries in the world accounts for 20% of the total number of ships per year (while China is lower than this value), plus the classification society's restrictions on ship age. There is still a great potential for strengthening ship maintenance. The cleaning of ships is bound to develop with the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry. The future is boundless.

        Secondly, due to the irreplaceable superiority of chemical cleaning or mechanical cleaning, it is of great practical significance to consciously extend it to shipbuilding.

1. Energy-saving energy

        Since the development speed of China's energy is still unable to meet the increasing demands for the time being, the central government's policy on energy is “developing and saving, focusing on saving”. Therefore, the use of chemical cleaning technology, mechanical cleaning instead of gasoline, diesel to clean, is an effective way to save energy.

2, safe and reliable

        Because the chemical cleaning liquid is a non-combustible substance, it fundamentally solves the hidden danger of fire caused by gasoline and diesel cleaning, and most of the cleaning agent has no volatility, and the physical and mental health of the employees is ensured.

3, good cleaning quality, high efficiency

        Today, shipbuilding must follow the principle of “short ship schedule, good quality, fair price and excellent service”. From the point of view of cleaning, if it is manually scraped, it is dirty and tired, low in efficiency, poor in quality, and in many places, the work cannot be approached at all. Such as: double bottom, main base and other parts, such as chemical cleaning and mechanical cleaning can easily solve these problems (mechanical cleaning can reach about 85% of all cleaning) greatly improve production efficiency, simplify production methods, ensure quality , shortened the build cycle.

4, does not damage components and parts

   After cleaning the Precision components, there is also anti-rust and passivation protection. Such as: the ship's cooling water system, air cooler cleaning.

5, reduce costs

       Taking Hainan Province in 1996 as an example, there are more than 4,000 ships, 300,000 deadweight tons, 11 shipyards, 20% maintenance rate per year, and about 800 ships need maintenance. According to relevant statistics, the 800-like ships use chemical cleaning machinery. Not only can it improve work efficiency, but it can also reduce costs by 50% compared with the traditional method).

       Of course, with the improvement of the environmental awareness of our people. How to deal with cleaning waste liquid will be a concern of people, and it is also an important part of the promotion. Because the waste liquid contains not only oil and water (greater than 100PPm), but also the COD value of chemical oxygen demand is also high (more than 1000PPin). If the rivers and lakes are directly discharged, the water quality will be seriously polluted (national standard discharge standard, oil <l0PPm.COD<l00PPm). To this end, the cleaning department should adopt different treatment methods, such as biochemical method, ion exchange method, gravity separation method, etc. according to the type of cleaning agent, pollution situation, especially the discharge amount and water quality. Good results - to meet emission standards, people can rest assured.

       In short, with the development of shipping industry, the requirements for repairing shipbuilding technology must be greatly improved. If the cleaning is still the old method, it is still in the original condition of diesel, gasoline and artificial scraping, which is not commensurate with cleaning and energy saving. It is also difficult to adapt to the requirements of the shipping repair industry to shorten the cycle, save energy and save efficiency. In order to change the cleaning appearance, high efficiency, high quality, safe and economical cleaning methods, it is not only an urgent requirement of the majority of industrial workers. It is also an inevitable trend of production development and technological progress.

  为城市电车、高铁等领域提供更优质的电池。

  新型石墨烯电池实验阶段的成功，无疑将成为电池产业的一个新的发展点。电池技术是电动汽车大力推广和发展的最大门槛，而电池产业正处于铅酸电池和传统锂电池发展均遇瓶颈的阶段，石墨烯储能设备的研制成功后，若能批量生产，则将为电池产业乃至电动车产业带来新的变革。 

  由于其独有的特性，石墨烯被称为“神奇材料”，科学家甚至预言其将“彻底改变21世纪”。曼彻斯特大学副校长Colin Bailey教授称：“石墨烯有可能彻底改变数量庞大的各种应用，从智能手机和超高速宽带到药物输送和计算机芯片。”

  最近美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员就开发出一种以石墨烯为基础的微型超级电容器，该电容器不仅外形小巧，而且充电速度为普通电池的1000倍，可以在数秒内为手机甚至汽车充电，同时可用于制造体积较小的器件。

  微型石墨烯超级电容技术突破可以说是给电池带来了革命性发展。主要制造微型电容器的方法是平板印刷技术，需要投入大量的人力和成本，阻碍了产品的商业应用。而只需要常见的DVD刻录机，甚至是在家里，利用廉价材料30分钟就可以在一个光盘上制造100多个微型石墨烯超级电容。

  正是看到了石墨烯的应用前景，许多国家纷纷建立石墨烯相关技术研发中心，尝试使用石墨烯商业化，进而在工业、技术和电子相关领域获得潜在的应用专利。欧盟委员会将石墨烯作为“未来新兴旗舰技术项目”，设立专项研发计划，未来10年内拨出10亿欧元经费。英国政府也投资建立国家石墨烯研究所(NGI)，力图使这种材料在未来几十年里可以从实验室进入生产线和市场。

  中国在石墨烯研究上也具有独特的优势，从生产角度看，作为石墨烯生产原料的石墨，在我国储能丰富，价格低廉。另外，批量化生产和大尺寸生产是阻碍石墨烯大规模商用的最主要因素。利用化学气相沉积法成功制造出了国内首片15英寸的单层石墨烯，并成功地将石墨烯透明电极应用于电阻触摸屏上，制备出了7英寸石墨烯触摸屏。

  中科院重庆绿色智能技术研究院的研究人员在展示单层石墨烯产品的超强透光性和柔性。

  由于石墨烯拥有超乎想像的导电能力，石墨烯电池概念成为突破电池技术瓶颈的救命稻草。尤其国内电动汽车行业但凡有技术突破都与石墨烯电池挂钩。  

随着研究的不断深入，技术难题的接连攻克，应用范围也在不断拓宽，相信石墨烯器件时代已为期不远，也可以期待一下这一“21世纪的神奇材料”会带来怎样的惊喜。  

“石墨烯电池或将改革：充电10分钟跑1000公里” 报道：西班牙Graphenano公司(一家以工业规模生产石墨烯的公司)同西班牙科尔瓦多大学合作研究出首例石墨烯聚合材料电池，其储电量是市场最好产品的三倍，用此电池提供电力的电动车最多能行驶1000公里，而其充电时间不到8分钟。虽然此电池具有各种优良的性能，但其成本并不高。Graphenano公司相关负责人称，此电池的成本将比锂电池低77%，完全在消费者承受范围之内。此外，在汽车燃料电池等领域，石墨烯还有望带来革命性进步。

    Provide better batteries for urban trams, high-speed rails and other fields.

    The success of the experimental phase of the new graphene battery will undoubtedly become a new development point of the battery industry. Battery technology is the biggest threshold for the promotion and development of electric vehicles. The battery industry is in the stage of bottlenecks in the development of lead-acid batteries and traditional lithium batteries. After the successful development of graphene energy storage equipment, if it can be mass-produced, it will be The battery industry and even the electric vehicle industry have brought about new changes.

    Because of its unique characteristics, graphene is called "magic material", and scientists even predict that it will "completely change the 21st century." Professor Colin Bailey, vice president of the University of Manchester, said: "Graphite has the potential to revolutionize a wide range of applications, from smartphones and ultra-high-speed broadband to drug delivery and computer chips."

    Recently, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, developed a graphene-based micro-supercapacitor that is not only small in size, but also 1000 times faster than ordinary batteries, and can charge mobile phones and even cars in seconds. It can also be used to make smaller devices.

    The breakthrough of micro graphene supercapacitor technology can be said to bring revolutionary development to the battery. The main method of manufacturing microcapacitors is lithography, which requires a lot of manpower and cost, and hinders the commercial application of the products. And only need a common DVD burner, even at home, using cheap materials for 30 minutes to make more than 100 micro graphene super capacitors on a single disc.

    It is the application prospect of graphene. Many countries have established graphene-related technology research and development centers, trying to use graphene commercialization, and then obtaining potential application patents in industrial, technical and electronic related fields. The European Commission has set up a special R&D plan as a “new future flagship technology project” and will allocate 1 billion euros in the next 10 years. The UK government has also invested in the National Graphene Research Institute (NGI) in an effort to bring this material from the laboratory to the production line and market in the coming decades.

    China also has unique advantages in graphene research. From the production point of view, graphite, which is a raw material for graphene production, is rich in energy storage and low in price. In addition, mass production and large-scale production are the most important factors hindering the large-scale commercial use of graphene. The first 15-inch single-layer graphene was successfully fabricated by chemical vapor deposition, and the graphene transparent electrode was successfully applied to a resistive touch screen to prepare a 7-inch graphene touch screen.

    Researchers at the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are demonstrating the superior light transmission and flexibility of single-layer graphene products.

    Because graphene has an unimaginable conductivity, the graphene battery concept has become a life-saving straw that breaks through the bottleneck of battery technology. Especially in the domestic electric vehicle industry, all technical breakthroughs are linked to graphene batteries.

    With the deepening of research, the technical problems have been successively overcome, and the scope of application has been continuously expanded. It is believed that the era of graphene devices is not far away, and we can also expect some surprises from this "21st century magic material".

   “The graphene battery will be reformed: charging 1000 km for 10 minutes.” Report: Spain's Grapheno Company (a company that produces graphene on an industrial scale) has collaborated with the University of Corvado in Spain to develop the first graphene polymer battery. The electricity storage capacity is three times that of the best products in the market. The electric vehicles that use this battery can drive up to 1000 kilometers, and the charging time is less than 8 minutes. Although this battery has various excellent properties, its cost is not high. According to the person in charge of Graphenano, the cost of this battery will be 77% lower than that of lithium batteries, which is completely within the consumer's tolerance. In addition, in the field of automotive fuel cells, graphene is expected to bring revolutionary progress.

   为社会奉上自己的一份心

   敬老爱老助老是我们中华民族的传统美德，是先辈传承下来的宝贵精神财富。在我们源远流长、博大精深的传统文化中，重视人伦道德、讲究家庭和睦是我们文化传统中的精华，也是中华民族强大凝聚力与亲和力的具体体现。

   我国已开始进入人口老龄化阶段。切实保障老年人合法权益，让他们度过幸福、美满、安详、健康的晚年，共享人类社会发展的成果，这是社会文明进步的重要标志。尊重老年人就是尊重人生和社会发展规律，就是尊重历史。

   中国由于历史的和自然的原因，各地区之间和地区内部的经济发展很不平衡，东部和中、西部经济技术水扶贫平有很大差别，特别是贫困地区的生产力发展十分缓慢。采取积极扶持措施，帮助贫困地区和贫困户致富，加快贫困地区的经济发展，对加强社会安定团结，加速社会主义建设，正确处理民族关系，发扬革命传统，巩固国防都有重要的作用。扶贫在构架和谐社会，增进城乡居民亲情等方面的作用和意义更为突出。

Give your society a heart

   Respecting the old, loving the old, helping the old is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and it is the precious spiritual wealth passed down by the ancestors. In our long-standing and profound traditional culture, attaching importance to human morality and family harmony is the essence of our cultural traditions, and it is also a concrete manifestation of the strong cohesion and affinity of the Chinese nation.

   China has begun to enter the stage of population aging. It is an important symbol of the progress of social civilization to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly and let them live a happy, happy, peaceful and healthy old age and share the fruits of human social development. Respect for the elderly is to respect the law of life and social development, that is, to respect history.

   Due to historical and natural reasons, China's economic development within and between regions is very uneven. The economic and technological poverty alleviation in the eastern and central and western regions is very different, especially in poor areas. Active support measures will be taken to help poor areas and poor households get rich, accelerate economic development in poverty-stricken areas, and play an important role in strengthening social stability and unity, accelerating socialist construction, correctly handling ethnic relations, carrying forward revolutionary traditions, and consolidating national defense. The role and significance of poverty alleviation in building a harmonious society and enhancing the family ties of urban and rural residents is more prominent.